起重機(jī)的起升機(jī)構(gòu)與運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)
Lifting mechanism and operation mechanism of crane
一、起重機(jī)的起升機(jī)構(gòu)
I. Lifting mechanism of crane
起重機(jī)起升機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動裝置采用電力驅(qū)動時為電動機(jī)。其中，葫蘆起重機(jī)多用異步鼠籠式電動機(jī)，其他電動起重機(jī)多采用繞線式異步電動機(jī)，或直流電動機(jī)。履帶、鐵路起重機(jī)的起升驅(qū)動裝置為內(nèi)燃機(jī)。汽車、輪胎起重機(jī)的起升機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動裝置是有原動機(jī)帶動的液壓泵、液壓油缸或液壓電動機(jī)。起升機(jī)構(gòu)中取物纏繞裝置包括起升卷筒、鋼絲繩、定滑輪、動滑輪、吊鉤等。
When the driving device of crane hoisting mechanism is driven by electric power, it is an electric motor. Among them, the hoist crane mostly uses asynchronous squirrel cage motor, other electric cranes mostly use winding asynchronous motor, or DC motor. Crawlers and railway cranes are driven by internal combustion engines. The driving device of lifting mechanism of automobile and tyre crane is hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic motor driven by the prime mover. The winding device of lifting mechanism includes lifting drum, wire rope, fixed pulley, movable pulley, hook, etc.
2、起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)
2. Operation mechanism of crane
起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)可以分為軌行式和無軌性式運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)（輪胎、履帶式運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)），這里只介紹軌行式運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)。軌行式運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)除了鐵路起重機(jī)以外，基本上都是電動機(jī)驅(qū)動形式，此運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)是由電動機(jī)、制動器、減速器和車輪四部分組成。
The operation mechanism of crane can be divided into rail running mechanism and trackless running mechanism (tyre and crawler running mechanism). Here only the rail running mechanism is introduced. In addition to railway cranes, rail-type operating mechanism is basically motor-driven, which consists of four parts: motor, brake, reducer and wheel.
車輪裝置由車輪、車輪軸、軸承及軸承像等組成。采用無輪緣車輪，是為了將輪緣的滑動摩擦變成滾動摩擦，此時應(yīng)該增設(shè)水平導(dǎo)向輪。車輪與車輪軸的連接可采用單鍵、花鍵、或者錐套等多種形式。
Wheel device consists of wheel, wheel axle, bearing and bearing image. The purpose of using flangeless wheels is to change the sliding friction of flanges into rolling friction. Horizontal guide wheels should be added at this time. Wheels and axles can be connected by single key, spline, or taper sleeve.
起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)分為集中驅(qū)動和分別驅(qū)動兩種形式。集中驅(qū)動是有一臺電動機(jī)通過傳動軸驅(qū)動兩邊車輪轉(zhuǎn)動運(yùn)行的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)形式，集中驅(qū)動只適合小跨度的起重機(jī)或起重小車的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)。分別驅(qū)動是兩邊車輪分別由兩套獨(dú)立的無機(jī)械聯(lián)系的驅(qū)動裝置的運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)形式。
The operation mechanism of crane can be divided into two types: centralized drive and separate drive. Centralized drive is a kind of running mechanism in which a motor drives the wheels on both sides to rotate through a drive shaft. Centralized drive is only suitable for the running mechanism of a small span crane or a lifting car. Separate driving is the operation mechanism of two sets of independent driving devices with no mechanical connection on both sides of the wheel.
隨著葫蘆式起重機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電動機(jī)采用錐形制電動機(jī)，將制動和驅(qū)動兩個功能合二為一，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展為將電動機(jī)、制動器和減速器合三為一，不再需要聯(lián)軸器連接，構(gòu)成一個十分緊湊的整體，稱為錐形制動減速電動機(jī)，目前已被應(yīng)用到起重機(jī)的大車和小車上。
With the development of hoist crane technology, the motor adopts conical motor, which combines braking and driving functions into one, and further develops into a combination of motor, brake and reducer, which no longer needs coupling connection, and forms a very compact whole, called conical brake deceleration motor. It has been applied to crane's large and small cars.
